Smudges and light stains will come off most modern paints easily with the right methods. First, determine what kind of paint lies underneath the dirt.

 

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Latex paint, found often on walls and moldings, can be either flat or glossy. Most latex paint these days is washable, but always test it in an inconspicuous spot with a sponge or rag dampened in plain water. Use a sponge or rag of a contrasting color – white or light for dark paints, and vice versa for lighter painted surfaces.

Gently rub the test spot. If the paint begins to fleck away or its color transfers to the cloth or sponge, discontinue the test – it can’t be cleaned in the usual way. Either the paint isn’t washable or the underlying surface wasn’t properly prepared for painting.

Enamel paint is nearly always glossy. Enamel is the paint of choice on appliances such as refrigerators, washers and dryers. It’s not generally found on walls, though trim such as doorframes and baseboards may be painted in either enamel or glossy latex. Enamel is always washable.

Water alone will remove many kinds of smudges, but if water won’t remove the spot, try adding any mild, all-purpose household cleaner. (One part hand dishwashing liquid diluted into 20 or more parts water makes a mild cleaner suitable for many surfaces.) Always apply cleaner to the damp rag or sponge, not to the surface. Immediately wipe the area with a second clean rag / sponge dampened in clean water.

Whatever the paint surface, don’t use scratchy pads (usually dark in color) or cleansers to remove greasy spots or grime. Abrasive cleaning pads and aggressive scrubbing can remove paint in a hurry and will scratch enameled metal surfaces permanently. Scratched paint becomes progressively more difficult to clean in the future.

Don’t use strong solvents to clean walls or moldings unless a product says it’s made specifically for this purpose. If it does, read and follow all label instructions carefully. Solvents such as denatured alcohol, rubbing alcohol or acetone will remove set stains like ink from enameled metal if used sparingly and removed promptly. Discontinue use immediately if the finish becomes dull or color transfers to cloth or sponge.

For safety’s sake, always use solvents in well-ventilated areas and keep them away from open flame or sparks. Close solvent containers tightly and store them in a cool, safe place out of the reach of children.

Cleaning an entire wall involves different procedures and tactics. For a comprehensive discussion, please see the HousekeepingChannel article, “Wall Washing Secrets” by Jeff Campbell.